287 g: A path to Barbarism

For those of you not familiar with Immigration Law, Section 287 (g) of the Immigration and Nationality Act has caused quite a stir over the last 15 years.

287g Sec 1 states:

The Attorney General may enter into a written agreement with a State, or any political subdivision of a State, pursuant to which an officer or employee of the State or subdivision, who is determined by the Attorney General to be qualified to perform a function of an immigration officer in relation to the investigation, apprehension or detention of aliens in the United State, may carry out such function at the expense of the State or political subdivision.

Essentially the law allows localities jurisdiction in matters of federal immigration law. On the surface the law makes sense. The federal government is limited in resources and personnel dedicated to immigration and several states have had growing complaints over the years as a result. This law seemingly allows local law enforcement to fill in the gaps.

Now, 2 years ago while I was living in Illinois I may not have thought much of 287 (g). It seems to make sense and under the direction of a responsible executor, may be a useful apparatus for controlling immigration issues.

The problem 287 (g) faces is that too much authority is given to each “political subdivision” and in essence there are now hundreds of different immigration policies throughout the United States, rather than one all encompassing rule of law.

Many of you may be familiar with our infamous Sheriff Joe Arpaio from Maricopa County---self-proclaimed America’s Toughest Sheriff. He recently has made his rounds on all the national media outlets thumbing his nose at DHS and is currently under investigation by the Justice Department. He has had over 2,700 lawsuits filed against him. Until one gets a close up view of the utter disregard for rule of law and complete abuse of power his office engages in, the dangers of 287 (g) are not so apparent.

Rumors swirl of his political alliance with members of the Nazi party, his immigration sweeps of all “brown” people, and his mistreatment of prisoners. You would think that the more you dig around for truth, the more inaccurate some of the legends would be—but that has not been my experience. I have only found the truth to be more abhorrent than the myth.

He has taken the liberty of storming (literally) City Halls in pursuit of illegals, spends his time raiding car washes and indiscriminately placing traffic check points around the county arresting and/or detaining anyone of suspicion. Meanwhile, he completely disregards crime and criminals violent in nature. Not to mention his actions have resulted in suppressing community participation of reporting crimes. I recently heard one family had their home violently broken into 7 times in broad daylight before deciding to call local law enforcement. This was just due to the fear that has been associated with all police officers in the area, even though that fear is unwarranted in many cases. Not all police down here are Arpaio.

How does he decide who is suspicious? Consider this interview he recently conducted on October 8^th with CNN’s Rick Sanchez:

Sanchez: You just said you detain people who haven’t committed a crime—how do you prove they’re not illegal?

Arpaio: It has to do with their conduct, what type of clothes they’re wearing, their speech, they admit it, they may have phony ID’s. A lot of variables are involved.

Sanchez: You judge people and arrest them based on their speech and the clothes they’re wearing sir?

Arpaio: No, when they’re in the vehicle with someone who has committed a crime. We have the right to talk to those people. When they admit that they are here illegally we take action…the federal law specifies the speech, the clothes, the environment, the erratic behavior. It’s right in the law.

Oh yea? Where?

Sheriff Arpaio has also been quoted by a GQ reporter as saying, “All these people that come over, they could come with disease. There’s no control, no health checks or anything. They check fruits and vegetables, how come they don’t check people? No one talks about that! They’re all dirty.”

These are the quotes he makes publicly when he is on his best behavior.

It may be easy to take the approach that he is doing his job, these are illegals after all. But what has to be understood is that he is tearing mothers away from their crying children(American citizen children)—literally. Then you see people just trying to make a living, survive, and see them treated worse than animals or the deadliest of criminals. Watching this makes your heart sink.

There are pretty reliable rumors that Arpaio also abuses his power in regards to people he considers political enemies. Several individuals, including law enforcement officers in the area, have claimed that their homes have been bugged. Can you imagine it, a cop bugging the home or office of another cop? What world is this I have stumbled unto?

Recently, Arizona’s former governor Janet Napolitano , now acting Secretary of Homeland Security, unveiled an attempt to repair the immigrant detention system. It seems a letter written by Reps. Nydia Velazquez, D-NY and Luis Gutierrez, D-IL prompted the change.

“We do not believe that allowing state and local police to racially profile and target our immigrant communities inspires confidence in our ability to enact (comprehensive immigration reform),” the letter continued, “It is our experience that state and local law enforcement officials actually use their expanded and often unchecked powers under the program to target immigrants and persons of color. It is our opinion that no amount of reforms, no matter how well-intentioned, will change this disturbing reality.”

In Maricopa County, the new agreement would limit Sheriff Joe and his deputies to checking only the immigration status of jail inmates. The unintended consequences of which, could actually see an increase in arrests and detention in order to check immigration status among inmates.

If this is going on here, what is going on elsewhere? Who knows? And the problem with that is we now have hundreds, if not thousands, of local communities engaging in what they consider to be immigration law. Until the federal government takes control of the situation and reigns in the power it now gave away to any renegade Sheriff who wanted it, these abuses will continue.

What is the real Rule Number 1?

This article talks about a criminal case in Washington state where the jury came back with a not guilty verdict. The defense lawyer then asked for the jury to be polled. When the first juror was asked to confirm the verdict, she said that she didn't actually agree with it and there must have been a mistake. After further deliberations, the jury found the defendant guilty.

This legal blog suggests that the defense lawyer violated the practice of law's Number 1 Rule, which is "when things are going in your favor, STOP TALKING!" The blog also suggests that there are at least two other Rules Number 1, "always get paid," and "avoid a personal jail sentence."

I can't decide which Rule Number 1 is my favorite. I think the one about getting paid. What about you guys? Or does anyone have any other suggestions for a new Rule Number 1?

Subcontractor's Sixty Day Notice

Section 5(b)(ii) of the Illinois Mechanics Lien Act requires that subcontractors supplying services or materials to a single family, owner-occupied residence must send notice to the occupants within 60 days from the date of first supplying services or materials. That section also sets forth the contents of the notice.

The purpose of the notice is to protect the homeowner from having to pay twice for a subcontractor's work. Upon receipt of the subcontractor's notice, the owner knows that he should demand a sworn statement before paying the general contractor. The sworn statement should list all of the subs. The owner can then withhold the monies due to the subs and pay them directly, or if he receives lien waivers signed by the subs, he can pay the general contractor the whole amount.

However, is a subcontractor's failure to serve the 60 day notice fatal to its mechanics lien claim as a matter of law?

No, it is not, according to the court in Crawford Supply Company v. Schwartz, 1-09-0900 (September 25, 2009). In that case, the plaintiff was a plumbing subcontractor who filed suit to foreclose its mechanics lien. Plaintiff had properly served its 90 day notice of claim and had also recorded its lien within 4 months of completing the work. However, the plaintiff did not serve the 60 day homeowners' notice, so the defendants moved to dismiss. (Click here for a quick refresher on the timelines).

The court found it "apparent" that "the legislature did not intend for section 5(b)(ii) to be construed so technically that the Act's remedial purpose of protecting those who furnish labor or materials be undermined." This conclusion is supported, the court said, by section 5(b)(iii), which provides that notice provided after 60 days shall preserve a subcontractor's lien, but "but only to the extent that the owner has not been prejudiced by payments made before receipt of the notice."

So, the Act addresses late notices, but it does not address a complete failure to provide the notice. This is where the court stepped in to say that only upon a showing of prejudice by the homeowner will a failure to provide the notice be fatal to a subcontactor's mechanics lien claim.

GREETINGS FROM THE DESERT

Thank you everyone for your warm welcome to the Northern Law Blog community. I’d also like to thank Mr. Huseman for allowing me the opportunity and space to write my musings.

For those of you who do not know me, I suppose a brief introduction is in order. I was born, raised and lived in the Chicagoland area for most of my life. I attended the University of Arizona and graduated with a degree in Philosophy and Religious Studies before venturing back to Illinois for law school in 2000. After graduating from law school I went on to do graduate work in Philosophy focusing on Political Philosophy and Ethics. Then, last year I inexplicably (weather.com: Tucson ) decided that I would return to Arizona and have been working more in the political arena than practicing law.

Ahh, but ever the two shall meet.

I realize off the bat, that this website has been devoted to most readers coming from Illinois and I will do my best to refrain from writing on Arizona subjects. I’ll try and cover issues more federal in nature, such as Immigration or housing matters, but I can’t promise anything.

Every now and then you may find a post comparing a civilized legal system (Illinois) to that of the third world atmosphere (legally and politically) where I now find myself. As I continue to discover the differences between the legal thought and conditions within the two states, I may force part of that journey unto you.

Just when I was thinking of a subject to write the first post on, a gift was presented to me by our fine AZ Supreme Court.

On October 13^th, The Arizona Supreme Court, for the first time, announced the states in which Reciprocity will be granted. (Reciprocity_List.pdf)

And you guessed it, Illinois is on the list.

Now this news will fill many of you with strange sensations. Some will be infused with a sense of enthusiasm, others ever hopeful, and still many of you may feel an unidentified impulse, strangely related to hate or spite.

Don’t worry.

These are natural events which occur when one finds him/herself in conditions (weather.com: Elmhurst ) beyond their control.

So after stepping through a few hurdles (http://www.supreme.state.az.us/admis/ ), all Illinois attorneys practicing for 5 years or more may be eligible to be licensed in Arizona.

I hope this news finds you well.

This is confusing.

I represent the buyers in a potential short sale. Their contract is contingent upon the approval of the short sale offer by the sellers' lender. Pretty common right?

Well, there is a rider attached to the contract titled "Short Sale Form - Purchase and Sale Contract." It was apparently drafted by the Chicago Association of Realtors and is specific to short sale deals. It contains a drop-dead date by which the lender must approve the price, or we can declare the contact null and void.

The rider also contains the following sentence: "Buyer and Seller acknowledge and agree that all deadlines under the Contract shall begin to toll from the date Seller delivers written notice to Buyer that the Contract has been approved by the Lender."

On first glance, this appears to say that the deadlines shall begin to RUN when the contract is approved by the lender. That way the attorney review period, the inspection period, etc., do not start until we know that we actually have a deal.

However, upon closer review, it says that the deadlines shall begin to TOLL upon approval by the lender. What in hell does that mean? Black's Law Dictionary defines toll as "to stop the running of; to abate." As in, to "toll the statute of limitations." So, the sentence basically says that the deadlines shall BEGIN TO STOP upon approval by the lender. I don't think that makes any sense.

That is why I hate legalese. I try to avoid the wheretofores, heretofores, the parties of the first part, etc., in my writing. Why not just write it in plain language so that everyone can understand it?

Illinois Vehicle Window Tint Law

EDITOR'S NOTE: I spoke to Representative Bossi's office. Please see the comment section for a quick update on the status of this bill.



Illinois is potentially changing one of its most disfavored laws among motorist. It deals with window film, more commonly referred to as window tint. As it stands, drivers are not allowed to have any non-reflective or reflective tint film on the windows directly adjacent to each side of the driver, however if the new law takes force it will allow motorists to have window tint on the front drivers and front passengers windows which allows a 50% light transmittance.

The new notion rests in simple fact that drivers or passengers of motor vehicles should be able to protect themselves from skin cancer, while at the same time to protecting the environment from the harmful emissions created by the excessive and unnecessary use of vehicle air-conditioning systems.

Many states currently have similar rules regarding vehicle window tint, and it seems Illinois won’t be far behind. As of April 2nd, 2009 the Illinois House unanimously passed the bill in favor of the change. Currently the bill sits in the Illinois Senate after being given the “OK” by the Transportation committee.

Want to stay up to date? Check out the bill status at the Illinois General Assembly website:
Illinois General Assembly Vehicle Tinted Window Film Bill Status

Welcome Jim Fleckles!!

The Northern Law Blog is pleased to announce the addition of another contributor to the site. For those of you who don't know him, Jim Fleckles is a 2003 graduate of the NIU School of Law. Jim works in the government relations industry in Tucson, Arizona. We look forward to hearing from Jim on a number of different topics.

Glad to have you Jim!

Bar Exam Results

The week that the bar exam results are released is usually agonizing for test takers. The results are posted online, but no one knows exactly when they will be posted. For the last couple of days, many test takers have quick triggers on the keyboard and don't ever want to be too far away from a computer.

To help ease that anxiety, this year's results were going to be posted in smaller groups. Emails were supposed to go out letting people know that their groups' scores were online. They were then supposed to log in to see if they passed.

Many of this year's test takers were more frustrated than ever, however, when the IBABY website was inaccessible for long periods of time on the day that the results were posted.

Wow. That's terrible. I bet the Board of Admissions to the Bar felt horribly and issued an apology.

Nope. Guess again. They blamed the test takers. A representative from IBABY said that the test takers have no one to blame but themselves. He explained that many overanxious applicants checked the website before they received their email notification and the influx made it harder for those who had received email notification to check their results. "Some applicants are not using the system in the way it was designed to be used," he said.

In other words, they're too dumb to even check their scores without screwing up. I'll bet that made them feel a lot better.

The Consumer Rights Brochure

The Home Repair and Remodeling Act has been discussed frequently on this blog. You will recall that the Act requires any person engaged in the business of home repair or remodeling (except subcontractors) to obtain a signed contract from the homeowner for projects worth more than $1,000. The Act also requires the contractor to provide the homeowner a Consumer Rights Brochure published by the Attorney General's office.

Until now, no court in Illinois had decided whether the failure to provide the Consumer Rights Brochure, by itself, was a material breach of the Act which would bar recovery by the contractor. In Artisan Design Build, Inc. v. Bilstrom, No. 2-08-0855 (September 22, 2009), the Second District has ruled that it is not. (Opinion here.)

In that case, plaintiff was hired by the homeowners to make improvements to their home. After several change orders, several partial payments, and several disagreements, the plaintiff eventually filed suit against the homeowners for approximately $208,000. The parties did have a written contract. However, the homeowners filed a motion to dismiss under the Act for plaintiff's failure to provide the Consumer Rights Brochure.

The court interpreted the Act de novo. The court noted that Section 30 of the Act specifically declares that it is unlawful for contractors to perform work for more than $1,000 without first obtaining a written contract. In contrast, Section 20, which requires the Consumer Rights Brochure, does not provide that a failure to furnish the brochure constitutes an unlawful act or otherwise has any impact with respect to the enforceability of the contractor's rights.

In its holding, the court "interpreted the plain language of the Act to mean that a contractor's failure to provide the consumer with the brochure does not vitiate the contractor's right to recover either in equity or in law."

Thank goodness. Any other result would have been absurd.